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Warsaw Pact / Russian Air Defence Command PostsTechnical Report APA-TR-2008-0602 |
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54K6E
Command
Post.
The best known of the Russian mobile battery command
posts is the 54K6 series, associated with the S-300PS/PM/PMU SA-10
Grumble and S-300PMU1/PMU2 SA-20 Gargoyle Surface to Air Missile
systems.
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IntroductionA topic which receives far too
little attention in the air power debate is that of command posts,
especially mobile command posts. These often less than conspicuous
components of air defence systems and missile batteries account for the
"Integrated" in any Integrated Air Defence System.
The Soviets had a number of designs which have since evolved heavily, especially with the infusion of COTS digital computer technology. Contemporary production designs make full use of large LCD panel display technology and digital processing. The page is primarily a compilation of Russian and ByeloRussian manufacturer's data and imagery. |
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References
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Mobile Air Defence Command PostsAgat Panorama TsM - Air Force/Air Defence Mobile Central Command Post
Assigned Tasks
Information: - collection of information on enemy forces, its analysis and downloading to subordinate command and control posts as required; - collection of information on friendly forces and its downloading to subordinate command and control posts as required; - collection of information on the combat readiness of subordinate forces, its analysis and reporting to the higher command post; - collection and fusing of information on air situation in the zone of responsibility and its transmission to higher, cooperating and subordinate command and control posts as required; - reception of combat orders and directives from the higher command posts, the preparation of combat orders and directives for subordinate command and control posts; - distribution of efforts of subordinate units and elements; - distribution of targets among fighting units; - assessment of effectiveness of subordinate forces’ combat actions; - planning of flights (including transit flights), monitoring of air situation and use of airspace; - information recording, documentation and display; - drills of crews of the AF/AD central command post, as well as subordinate command and control posts, and the assessment of their performance. Estimation: - planning of combat operations to repulse enemy air attacks; - possible friendly armament losses in combat actions; - amount of subordinate AD missile and gun armament and fuel/oil requirements for the preparation and accomplishment of combat operations; - target detection areas of radar facilities, depending on their location, terrain relief, and target signatures; - redeployment routes for subordinate units. The Panorama TsS/TsM is a modern
software
based design which makes extensive use of COTS technology, especially
modern flat panel LCD displays. This results in lower weight, better
reliability and higher image quality than legacy CRT display designs.
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Rosoboronexport Description (Cite): The 9S52M1 Polyana-D4M1 air
defence brigade (mixed grouping) automated command and control system
is designed to provide automated control of separate air defence
missile systems, and their combinations, making up air defence
grouping, with the S-300, Buk, Tor AD missile systems and Tunguska
gun-missile systems, via relevant command and control posts.
Composition
The Polyana-D4M1 ACCS provides:
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The 5S99 Senezh series of
mobile command posts were developed during the latter Cold War to
support V-PVO S-75/SA-2 Guideline, S-125/SA3 Goa, S-200V/D/SA-5 Gammon,
S-300P/SA-10 Grumble and PVO-SV S-300V batteries, and V-PVO and FA VVS
interceptors such as the Su-27 and MiG-29. The system was developed by
OKB Peleng and built by GPO Vector.
The current production 34L6 Senezh M1E is a heavily upgraded design, utilising the existing semi-trailer configuration, but replacing the KrAZ tow tractor with a contemporary KAMAZ tractor. The system is capable of accepting data feeds from most Russian radar types, and the A-50 AWACS system. The
latest
configuration
of the Senezh M1E uses a new technology tow
tractor (Said Aminov - Vestnik PVO).
ПОЛНЫЙ СОСТАВ
СОКРАЩЁННЫЙ СОСТАВ обеспечивает решение оперативных задач управления ЗРС, ЗРК и ИА на основе мобильного варианта КП
ОСНОВНЫЕ ТАКТИКО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ
Возможность получения радиолокационной информации от всех видов радиолокационных средств и АСУ ПВО. ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИОННЫЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ
Manufactured by Proton, the
Baikal and Baikal-1 series of command posts were developed during the
late Cold War to provide a fully mobile capability to manage multiple
air defence batteries and systems in a complex environment. Supported
systems include V-PVO S-75/SA-2 Guideline, S-125/SA3 Goa, S-200V/D/SA-5
Gammon, S-300PS/PM/SA-10A/B Grumble, S-300PMU/PMU1/PMU2/SA-20 Gargoyle
and PVO-SV S-300V missile batteries.
The system comprises a self contained 49L6 modular C3 system carried by a MAZ-7910 series 8 x 8 vehicle for high offroad mobility. A 5S15 turbine electrical generator system is integrated, as well as an FL-94 telescoping communications mast to increase the footprint over which the system can network with missile batteries. A option is an additional ZiL-131N truck fitted with an FL-95 elevating radio mast to improve networking range. Additional electrical power can by provided using a pair of towed 5I57A electrical generators, or the mains grid can be used with a 82Kh6 power adaptor. Data sources include most Russian acquisition radars and the A-50 AWACS. General
Characteristics
Almaz-Antey Universal-1E Air Defence C3I SystemUniversal-1E Air
Defence C3I System at MAKS2007 (Said Aminov, Vestnik PVO).
The Universal-E is a recently developed C3I system, intended for air defence applications. Rosoboronexport Description (Cite): The Universal-1E C3I system is designed to provide automated control of combat operations of air defence, interceptor fighter, electronic warfare and electronic intelligence units repelling air attacks and performing alert duty. The C3I system is capable of:
The Universal-1E C3I system comprises a central computer system, data presentation system, data transfer equipment, summary report system, recording computer, and a coded data recording equipment. |
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Air Defence System Battery Command Posts9S737/MP-22 UBKP Ranzhir E Battery Command Post / SA-13 / SA-15 / SA-19 / SA-22 The most common variant of the
Ranzhir
series of mobile command posts is carried on a tracked chassis derived
from the MTLBu series.
The Ranzhir series of mobile
command posts was originally developed for the PVO-SV to provide a
tracked and hardened ADCP for batteries of point defence weapons, such
as SPAAGs and SAM systems. Early variants were deployed to provide
battery C3 for the SA-15, SA-17, SA-19 systems. More recent variants
are used with the SA-13, replacing legacy ADCPs, and the new wheeled
SA-15 and SA-22, in a wheeled configuration. A single Ranzhir usually
supports 4 to 6 TELARs, SPAAGMs or SPAAGs.
The
Ranzhir E/M is also available in a lower cost truck variant, intended
for
applications where high road mobility is important. For instance a
wheeled Tor M2E or Pantsir S1 battery would used the wheeled variant to
match the high road speed of the TELARs.
The latest configuration of the
road mobile Ranzhir M/E series makes full use of COTS computing
technology for operator consoles.
PU12M6/M7 Battery Command Post / SA-8 / SA-13 / SA-19 / ZSU-23-4PLate model PU-12-M7 / BTR-80 on display at
MAKS 2009 with deployed antenna mast (© 2009 Vitaliy V. Kuzmin).
The Cold War era PU12 series of battery command posts were developed to support a range of point defence weapons, especially the SA-8 Gecko, SA-13 Gopher and ZSU-23-4P SPAAG. While a legacy design, it remains in production. The improved M7 variant has the capability to control an SA-19 Grison battery. The system is installed in a BTR-80 chassis. Rosoboronexport Description (Cite): The PU-12M6 mobile control post is designed to automate combat control of weapons employment by AD units on the move and at halt under air attack. It is a battery CP intended to operate as part of special purpose automated control systems. Composition The PU-12M6 mobile CP is mounted on the BTR-80 wheeled armoured personnel carrier fitted with:
It is a battery CP intended to operate as part of special purpose automated control systems. Composition The PU-12M7 mobile CP is mounted on the BTR-80 wheeled armoured personnel carrier fitted with:
Above, below, PU-12-M7 / BTR-80 on display
at MAKS 2009 with deployed antenna mast (© 2009 Vitaliy V. Kuzmin).
PPRU-M1/M1-2 Battery Command Post / SA-13 / SA-19 / ZSU-23-4PThe
most recent variant of the PPRU series is the PPRU-1M-2 which is
digital, and includes the new design solid state digital VNIIRT
9S80M1-2
radar replacing the legacy Dog Ear variants (Said Aminov, Vestnik PVO).
The legacy PPRU M/M1 series of command posts were used primarily to support the 9K35/SA-13 Gopher and 2K22/SA-19 Grison point defence SAM system. The design remains in production. Early variants used the X-band 9S80/9S80M/M1 Ovod / Dog Ear as a battery acquisition radar. The most recent variant, displayed at MAKS 2007, includes the new design digital solid state VNIIRT 9S80M1-2 X-band radar, replacing the analogue Dog Ear. The MTLBu chassis is employed. Rosoboronexport Description (Cite): The PPRU-M1 air target reconnaissance and control post is designed to control, both on the move and at halt, combat actions and fire delivery of air defence units armed with close/short-range antiaircraft artillery and missile systems. Composition
It exercises combat control of units armed with manportable surface-to-air missile systems via coded datalinks provided that MANPADS operators employ the 1L15/1L110 hand-held electronic data displays. The PPRU-M1 CP can be operated in various climates at ambient temperatures from -20°C to +50°C, relative air humidity of 98%, and wind speed of 30 m/s. PPRU-1M-2 (Wikipedia image). PPRU-1M with 9S80M Dog Ear. |
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54K6/54K6E/E1 S-300P / SA-10/20 Battery Command PostAn early model 54K6E2 command post used with the S-300PMU2 Favorit / SA-20B system. The 54K6 family of mobile
battery command posts first appeared during the 1980s as part of the
high mobility S-300PS / SA-10B Grumble B SAM system. The design
combined a
command post cabin with a MAZ-7910 chassis, and included a telescoping
mast for the radio datalink which networked all of the battery
elements. The design progressively evolved as the S-300P family of
missiles evolved. The final variants of this system provided
significant integration capabilities, with the ability to network the
battery 30N6E2 engagement radars, and some legacy SAM engagement
radars. The 83M6E2 designation is reserved for a paired 64N6E2 Big Bird
acquisition radar and a 54K6E2 command post.
A typical operational architecture will see the 54K6E2 networked with a Polyana TsM sector command post, to provide bidirectional transfer of target data. |
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The 9S457 family of mobile battery command posts was specifically developed for the PVO-SV S-300V SAM system. A modernised variant of this design is the 9S457M used with the S-300VM/Antey 2500. The design shares the tracked chassis with other battery elements, and uses a telescoping mast to maximise RF datalink coverage footprint. The vehicle weight 39 tonnes and carries a crew of seven. The composition of a typical S-300VM battery includes a 9S15M2 Bill Board acquisition radar, a 9S19M High Screen engagement radar, a 9S457M command posts, four 9S32M Grill Pan engagement radars, twenty four 9A83M and 9A82 TELARs, with a ready load of 48 x 9M82M SAMs, and 96 x 9M83M SAMs. |
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54K6E2 S-300PMU2/SA-20B Battery Command Post55K6 S-400/SA-21 Battery Command PostAn S-400 55K6 Command Post with
deployed antenna mast. This design is visually indistinguishable from
the S-300PMU2 54K6E2 Command Post (image © Miroslav
Gyűrösi).
The 54K6E2 and 55K6/55K6E are
the respective Command Posts for the S-300PMU2 and S-400 SAM systems.
While both share common vehicles, containers, consoles, computer
hardware and antennas, the 55K6 has more extensive capabilities to
integrate with other IADS components, and specific interfaces and
software for S-400 Triumf radar systems.
The new digital CP design fits into one half the volume and mass of the legacy 54K6E CP, with 3 to 4 times lower power consumption.
55K6E
CP
carried by an 8 x 8 Ural 532301 - operator consoles in van
(Almaz-Antey).
Technical Report APA-TR-2008-0602 |
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