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Last Updated: Mon Jan 27 11:18:09 UTC 2014






Surface to Air Missile Systems and
Integrated Air Defence Systems



Launch of 48N6E / SA-20 SAM from 5P85TE TEL (Almaz-Antey).

Russian Missile Systems vs Engagement and Acquisition Radars





SAM System
 Russian Designation
 Engagement Radar
 Acquisition Radars
 Status





SA-2 Guideline
 S-75/V-75 Dvina/Volkhov
 SNR-75 Fan Song
 P-12/18 Spoon Rest
 Legacy
SA-3 Goa S-125 Neva / Pechora
 SNR-125 Low Blow
 P-15 Flat Face
P-12/18 Spoon Rest
 Legacy
SA-4 Ganef
 2K11 Krug
 1S32 Pat Hand
 P-40/1S12  Long Track
 Obsoleted
SA-5 Gammon S-200
5N62 Square Pair
 5N84 Tall King
 Legacy
SA-6 Gainful 2K12 Kub / Kvadrat
 1S91 Straight Flush
 P-15 Flat Face
P-40/1S12 Long Track
 Legacy
SA-8A/B Gecko 9K33/9K33M2/M3
 Land Roll
 P-15 Flat Face
P-40/1S12 Long Track		 Legacy
SA-9 Gaskin
 9K31/9K31M
 -
 9S80 Dog Ear
 Legacy
SA-10A Grumble S-300P/PT
 5N63 Flap Lid A
 ST-68U Tin Shield
5N66 Clam Shell
 Legacy
SA-10B  Grumble S-300PS
 5N63S Flap Lid B
 ST-68U Tin Shield
5N66 Clam Shell		 Legacy
SA-10B[C] Grumble S-300PMU
 30N6E Flap Lid C
 ST-68U Tin Shield
5N66 Clam Shell		 Operational
SA-11 Gadfly 9K37 Buk M1/M1-2
 9S35 Fire Dome
 9S18 Tube Arm
 Operational
SA-12 Gladiator/Giant 9K81/S-300V
 9S32 Grill Pan
 9S15 Bill Board
9S19 High Screen
 Operational
SA-13 Gopher
 9K35M/M2/M3/M4/A
 9S86 Snap Shot
 9S80 Dog Ear
 Production
SA-15 Gauntlet 9K330/331 Tor / Tor M/M1
 Scrum Half
 Scrum Half Production
SA-15 Gauntlet 9K332 Tor M2E PESA
 PESA Production
SA-17 Grizzly Buk M2
 9S36 PESA
 9S18M1 Snow Drift
 Production
SA-19 Grison 2S6M Tunguska M
 1RL144 Hot Shot
 PPRU Dog Ear
 Production
SA-20A Gargoyle S-300PM/PMU1
 30N6E/E1 Tomb Stone
 ST-68U Tin Shield
76N6 Clam Shell
64N6E Big Bird
96L6E
1L119 Nebo SVU
67N6 Gamma DE
59N6 Protivnik GE
 Production
SA-20B Gargoyle S-300PMU2 Favorit
 30N6E2 Tomb Stone ST-68U Tin Shield
76N6 Clam Shell
64N6E Big Bird
96L6E
1L119 Nebo SVU
67N6 Gamma DE
59N6 Protivnik GE		 Production
SA-21 S-400 Triumf
 92N6E Grave Stone
 96L6E
91N6E Big Bird
55Zh6 Nebo UE Tall Rack
1L119 Nebo SVU
67N6 Gamma DE
59N6 Protivnik GE		 Production
SA-22
Pantsir S1
 Phazotron PESA
 Phazotron PESA Production
SA-23
9K81M/S-300VM/Antey-2500 9S32M
 9S15M Bill Board
9S19M High Screen		 Demonstrator

NB SA-2, SA-3, SA-5, SA-6, SA-8 Upgrade Variants Detailed Here

Russian Area Defence SAM Performance Parameters







Missile
 System
 Ave Speed [m/s]
 Max Speed [m/s
 Range [km]
 IOC
Russian
 NATO







40N6E
 S-400
 SA-21
 TBD
 TBD
 450
 2011-2012
48N6E3/DM
 S-400
 SA-21
 -
 2,100 250
 2009
9M82M S-300VM SA-23B - 2,600 200 2011
48N6E2
 S-300PMU2
 SA-20B
 2,100 -
 200
 1999
48N6E
 S-300PM/PMU1
 SA-20A
 2,100
 -
 150
 1990
9M96E2 S-400 SA-21 900 - 1,000 - 120 2011-2012
9M82 S-300V SA-12B 1,800 - 100 1988
9M83M
 S-300VM
 SA-23A
 -
 1,700
 75
 2011
9M83
 S-300V
 SA-12A
 1,200
 -
 75
 1988
5V55R S-300PS/PMU SA-10B 2,000 - 75 1985

Russian Area Defence SAM Comparative Range Performance [km]
40N6E / SA-21
48N6E3/DM / SA-21
9M82M / SA-23B
48N6E2 / SA-20B
48N6E / SA-20A
9M96E2 / SA-21
9M82 / SA-12B
9M83M / SA-23A
9M83 / SA-12A
5V55R / SA-10B
100
 200
 300
 400
 500

PLA Missile Systems vs Engagement and Acquisition Radars





SAM System PLA Designation
 Engagement Radar Acquisition Radars Status





SA-2/CSA-1
 HQ-2B/J SJ-202 Gin Sling A
 P-12/18 Spoon Rest
YLC-8
 Legacy
SA-2/CSA-2 HQ-2B SJ-202 Gin Sling B
 P-12/18 Spoon Rest
YLC-8
 Legacy
HQ-61
 HQ-61 Type 341/342
 P-15 Flat Face Legacy
HQ-64
 HQ-64/LY-60
 LY-60 Track/Illuminate
 LY-60 Acquistion
 Production
CSA-4
 HQ-7/FM-80
 FM-80FS/Type 345 FM-80SS Production
CSA-5 HQ-7/FM-90
 FM-90FS FM-90SS
 Production
FB-6A
 FB-6A
 FB-6A
 FB-6A Production
Yi Tian
Yi Tian WZ551 Yi Tian Yi Tian Production
FLV-1
 FLV-1/FLG-1/FL-2000 FLV-1 FLV-1 Production
LS-II
 LS-II LS-II LS-II Production
HQ-12
 HQ-12/KS-1A H-200 / SJ-231
 JY-11/JY-11B
YLC-18
JYL-1
 Production
HQ-9/FD/FT-2000
 HQ-9
 HT-233
 Type 305A
Type 305B
Type 120
 Production





SAM/ABM System and Radar Technical Analysis





Carlo Kopp Air Power Australia Jun 2011 S-500 Triumfator M / SA-X-NN
Carlo Kopp Air Power Australia May 2009 S-400 Triumf / SA-21
Carlo Kopp Air Power Australia May 2009 S-300PMU2 Favorit / SA-20 Gargoyle
Carlo Kopp Air Power Australia Nov 2009
 HQ-9 / HHQ-9 / FD-2000 / FT-2000
Carlo Kopp Air Power Australia Jun 2009 S-200VE Vega / SA-5 Gammon
Carlo Kopp Air Power Australia Jul 2009
 S-200VE Vega / SA-5 Gammon Missile Site Design
Carlo Kopp Air Power Australia Jul 2009 S-125 Neva/Pechora / SA-3 Goa
Carlo Kopp Air Power Australia Jul 2009 S-75 Volkhov / HQ-2A/B / CSA-1 / SA-2 Guideline
Carlo Kopp Air Power Australia Jul 2009 96K6 Pantsir S1 / SA-22
Carlo Kopp Air Power Australia Dec 2006 S-300V / S-300VM / SA-12/SA-23 Giant/Gladiator
Michael Jerdev
 Air Power Australia May 2011
 S-300V: 202nd Air Defence Brigade
Carlo Kopp Air Power Australia Jul 2009 9K37/9K37M1/9K317 Buk / SA-11/SA-17 Gadfly/Grizzly
Carlo Kopp Air Power Australia Jul 2009 2K12 Kub/Kvadrat / SA-6 Gainful
Carlo Kopp
Martin Andrew
 Air Power Australia Sep 2010 CPMIEC HQ-7/FM-80 / CSA-4 Sino-Crotale
CPMIEC HQ-7/FM-90 / CSA-5 Sino-Crotale
Carlo Kopp Air Power Australia Jul 2009 9K330/9K331/9K332 Tor M/M1/M2 / SA-15 Gauntlet
Carlo Kopp Air Power Australia Jul 2009 2K22/2K22M/M1 Tunguska SA-19 Grison
Carlo Kopp Air Power Australia Aug 2009 9K35 Strela 10/10M / SA-13 Gopher
Carlo Kopp Air Power Australia Jul 2009 9K33 Osa/Romb / SA-8 Gecko
Carlo Kopp Air Power Australia Jul 2010 Tetraedr T38 “Stiletto” / [SA-8 Gecko]
David K. Barton Microwave Journal May 1994 Design of the S-300P and S-300V SAM Systems
Carlo Kopp Air Power Australia Dec 2006 S-300PT/PS/PMU-1/2, S-400 Triumf / SA-10/SA-20/SA-21
Miroslav Gyűrösi
Carlo Kopp		 Air Power Australia Jul 2009 SNR-75M3 Fan Song E Engagement Radar




Carlo Kopp
 Air Power Australia Jun 2008 SAM System Mobility
Russian and PLA Air Defence System Vehicles
Carlo Kopp Air Power Australia Jun 2008 S-300P/S-400/S-500 Air Defence System Vehicles
Carlo Kopp Air Power Australia Jun 2008 S-300V Air Defence System Vehicles
Carlo Kopp Air Power Australia Jun 2008 Russian and PLA Legacy Air Defence System Vehicles
Carlo Kopp Air Power Australia Jun 2008 Russian and PLA Point Defence System Vehicles
Carlo Kopp Defence Today Sep 2009 SAM System Mobility
Carlo Kopp Air Power Australia Jun 2009 Air Defence System Defensive Aids
Carlo Kopp Air Power Australia May 2009 Russian/Soviet/WarPac Ground Based ECM Systems
Carlo Kopp Air Power Australia May 2008 Russian / Soviet Point Defence Weapons
Martin Andrew
 TRADOC/
Air Power Australia		 Mar 2009 PLA Point Defence Weapons
Carlo Kopp Air Power Australia Apr 2009 PLA Area Defence Missile Systems
Sean O'Connor
 Air Power Australia Dec 2009 Russian/Soviet Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems
Sean O'Connor Air Power Australia Dec 2009 Soviet/Russian SAM Site Configuration Part 1
Sean O'Connor Air Power Australia Jan 2010 Soviet/Russian SAM Site Configuration Part 2
Carlo Kopp Air Power Australia Jul 2008 Theatre Ballistic Missile Defence Systems
Carlo Kopp Air Power Australia Sep 2007 Russian Low Band Surveillance Radars
Carlo Kopp Air Power Australia Jan 2009 Engagement and Fire Control Radars
Carlo Kopp Air Power Australia Jan 2009 Search and Acquisition Radars
J.C Wise Excerpted from
Chinese Radars		 Jan 2009 PLA Air Defence Radars
Carlo Kopp
J.C Wise
 Air Power Australia Dec 2009 HQ-9 and HQ-12 SAM System Battery Radars
Carlo Kopp Air Power Australia Apr 2008 NNIIRT 1L119 Nebo SVU/Nebo M VHF AESA Radar
Carlo Kopp Australian Aviation Oct 1995 76N6 Clam Shell Acquisition Radar
Carlo Kopp Air Power Australia May 2009 NKMZ 40V6M/40V6MD Universal Mobile Mast
Miroslav Gyűrösi
 Air Power Australia
 Nov 2009
 NNIIRT 52E6MU Struna-1MU / Barrier E Bistatic Radar
Carlo Kopp Air Power Australia May 2008 Emitter Locating Systems / ELINT Systems
Carlo Kopp Air Power Australia Jun 2008 Warsaw Pact / Russian Air Defence Command Posts
Carlo Kopp Air Power Australia Jun 2009 Legacy Air Defence System Upgrades
Carlo Kopp
 APA NOTAM #26
 Jan 2009
 Hybridisation of Surface to Air Missile Systems
Carlo Kopp Air Power Australia May 2008 Russian / PLA High Energy Laser  Weapon Programs
Carlo Kopp Air Power Australia Jun 2008 Ranets E High Power Microwave Weapon
Carlo Kopp Defence Today Oct 2010 Counter-Rocket Artillery Mortar Futures
Carlo Kopp Air Power Australia Aug 2007 Russian Air Defence Systems Multimedia
Carlo Kopp Australian Aviation July 1989 Man Portable Surface-Air Missiles
Carlo Kopp Air Power Australia Dec 2009 The Soviet SAM System Simulator
Carlo Kopp Air Power Australia Aug 2010 Tropospheric Scatter Communications Systems
FM 44-85
 Dept of the Army
 Feb 1997
 Patriot Battalion and Battery Operations




SAM/ABM System Proliferation




Carlo Kopp APA NOTAM #64 Jul 2010 Reassessing Iran's Air Defences
Sean O'Connor Air Power Australia
 Jan 2010
 Strategic SAM Deployment in Iran
Sean O'Connor Air Power Australia Jan 2010 Strategic SAM Deployment in Syria
Carlo Kopp Defence Today Mar 2010 Proliferation of Advanced Air Defence Systems
Carlo Kopp Air Power Australia Jun 2009 Proliferation of Advanced Surface to Air Missiles
Carlo Kopp Defence Today Apr/May - 2007 Iran - Assessing the Threat [PDF]
Carlo Kopp
 IASC
 Feb 2006
 Almaz S-300 – China's “Offensive” Air Defense
Carlo Kopp Australian Aviation Oct 2003
 Asia's New SAMs Part 1
Carlo Kopp Australian Aviation Nov 2003
 Asia's New SAMs Part 2
Carlo Kopp Defence Today Dec 2008 Russian VHF counter stealth radars proliferate
Carlo Kopp APA Analyses APA-2008-09 The Impact of Russian High Technology Weapons: Transforming the Strategic Balance in Asia




Combat Survivability / Strategy vs Integrated Air Defence Systems




Carlo Kopp Joint Forces Quarterly
JFQ 57
2nd Quarter, April 2010		 Evolving Technological Strategy in Advanced Air Defense Systems
Carlo Kopp Defence Today Dec 2012 Future AEW&C capabilities for Maritime Warfare
Carlo Kopp Defence Today Mar 2012
 Advancing counter-stealth radar technologies
Carlo Kopp APA Analyses
 APA-2009-02 Surviving the Modern Integrated Air Defence System
Carlo Kopp APA Analyses
 APA-2009-01 Assessing Joint Strike Fighter Defence Penetration Capabilities
Benjamin Lambeth
 Aerospace Power Journal
 Summer 2002 Kosovo and the Continuing SEAD Challenge
Kosovo and the Continuing SEAD Challenge@APJ
Martin Andrew
 APA Analyses
 APA-2009-04
 Revisiting the Lessons of Operation Allied Force
Carlo Kopp Air Power Australia Oct 2010 Surface to Air Missile Effectiveness in Past Conflicts
Carlo Kopp Australian Aviation Jul 1987
 Evading the Guided Missile
Carlo Kopp
 Air Power International Vol 4/1
1998
 AGM-88 High speed Anti Radiation Missile
Carlo Kopp Australian Aviation Jun 1997 MBDA ALARM / Matra Armat
Carlo Kopp Air Power Australia
 Jan 2007 Zvezda Kh-31P/A/MR/MA 'Mini-Moskit'
Carlo Kopp Australian Aviation Jan 1989
 The Anatomy of the Tacjammer
Carlo Kopp Australian Aviation Jul 1986
 F-4G Anatomy of a Wild Weasel
Carlo Kopp Australian Aviation Dec 1988
 Radar Warning Receivers and Defensive Electronic CounterMeasures
Carlo Kopp Australian Aviation Jun-Aug 1993
 Desert Storm: The Electronic Battle
Carlo Kopp Journal of Electronic Defense
 May 2002
 Support Jamming and Force Structures
Carlo Kopp RAAF APSC WP8
 Nov 1992
 Command of the Electromagnetic Spectrum:
An Electronic Combat Doctrine for the RAAF 
Carlo Kopp Defence Today
 Oct 2006
 Milestones: Genesis of the Surface to Air Missile
Carlo Kopp Defence Today Apr 2008
 Milestones: Early Air Defence Radar
Carlo Kopp Defence Today Feb 2007
 Milestones: Battle of the Beams
Carlo Kopp Defence Today Jun 2009 Helicopter combat survivability [PDF]
Carlo Kopp Australian Aviation Mar 2005
 Are Helicopters Vulnerable [MANPADS/RPG] [PDF]
Carlo Kopp Australian Aviation Dec 2003
 Man Portable Missiles vs Airliners [PDF]



The new S-400 Triumf 92N6E Grave Stone engagement radar on MZKT-7930 chassis. It is the latest and most powerful evolution of the 30N6 Flap Lid family of engagement radars used with the SA-10/20/21 family of SAM systems (image © Miroslav Gyűrösi).



The 30N6-1 Flap Lid B engagement radar on MAZ-7910 chassis. It is the first export variant of the 30N6 Flap Lid family of engagement radars, and is used with the S-300PMU SAM system. This example was on display at the 3rd National Airshow in Piestany, Slovakia (image © Miroslav Gyűrösi).



A VHF-band high mobility Vostok E demonstrator deployed. A separate van houses the three operator stations and electronic hardware (KB Radar).


The L-band JY-29/Type 120 (depicted), YLC-18, JYL-1 and YL-11B are typical of the new generation of PLA self-propelled tactical 3D acquisition radars, designed to support a range of SAM systems (© 2009, Bradley Huang).
Demonstrator VNIIRT Gamma DE L-band high power AESA search radar in deployed configuration. Three subtypes exist, the D1/D1E, D2/D2E, and D3/D3E with differing module power ratings and range performance. A self propelled variant is now available.
Imagery Sources: US DoD, Rosoboronexport, RuMoD, NNIIRT, US DoD, Other





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